The 2025 Nobel Prize announcements are underway, with prizes in Physiology or Medicine, Physics, and Chemistry already declared. The awards recognise groundbreaking research and discoveries that have reshaped science, offering new knowledge and practical applications for the world.
The remaining prizes in Literature, Peace, and Economic Sciences will be announced later this week.
Each Nobel laureate receives 11 million Swedish kronor (around $1 million), funded by the will of Alfred Nobel, the Swedish inventor who established the awards. The prizes are formally presented on 10 December, the anniversary of Nobel’s death.
Here’s the complete list of Nobel Prize winners for 2025 announced so far
Physiology or Medicine
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2025 has been awarded to Mary E Brunkow, Fred Ramsdell, and Shimon Sakaguchi for their discoveries on peripheral immune tolerance, which prevents the immune system from attacking the body.
Their work identified regulatory T cells, the “security guards” of the immune system, showing how the body maintains balance. Malfunction of these cells can cause autoimmune diseases.
Their discoveries have opened new paths for treatment, autoimmune disease therapies, and safer stem cell transplants.
Brunkow and Ramsdell’s research gained prominence in 2001 with the study of mice prone to autoimmune disease.
Physics
The 2025 Nobel Prize in Physics went to John Clarke, Michel H Devoret , and John M Martinis for their pioneering work on macroscopic quantum phenomena in superconducting circuits.
The trio demonstrated quantum mechanical tunnelling and energy quantisation in circuits large enough to hold in hand, bridging microscopic and macroscopic physics.
Their research lays the foundation for quantum computing and advanced superconducting technologies. Clarke’s work focused on superconductivity, Devoret combined theoretical and experimental techniques, and Martinis contributed foundational research on superconducting qubits.
Also read: Nobel Prize: How many Indians have won top honours? Here's the full list
Chemistry The 2025 Nobel Prize in Chemistry has been awarded to Susumu Kitagawa, Richard Robson, and Omar M Yaghi (UC Berkeley) for developing metal–organic frameworks (MOFs).
These porous crystalline materials are built from metal ions linked by organic molecules, forming structures that can store gases, catalyse reactions, and conduct electricity.
Robson began experimenting with MOFs in 1989, and Kitagawa and Yaghi later improved their stability and versatility. MOFs now offer chemists the ability to design custom materials for energy, storage, and industrial applications.
The remaining Nobel Prizes for 2025 will be announced later this week: Literature on 9 October, Peace on 10 October, and Economic Sciences on 13 October.
The remaining prizes in Literature, Peace, and Economic Sciences will be announced later this week.
Each Nobel laureate receives 11 million Swedish kronor (around $1 million), funded by the will of Alfred Nobel, the Swedish inventor who established the awards. The prizes are formally presented on 10 December, the anniversary of Nobel’s death.
Here’s the complete list of Nobel Prize winners for 2025 announced so far
Physiology or Medicine
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2025 has been awarded to Mary E Brunkow, Fred Ramsdell, and Shimon Sakaguchi for their discoveries on peripheral immune tolerance, which prevents the immune system from attacking the body.
Their work identified regulatory T cells, the “security guards” of the immune system, showing how the body maintains balance. Malfunction of these cells can cause autoimmune diseases.
Their discoveries have opened new paths for treatment, autoimmune disease therapies, and safer stem cell transplants.
Brunkow and Ramsdell’s research gained prominence in 2001 with the study of mice prone to autoimmune disease.
Physics
The 2025 Nobel Prize in Physics went to John Clarke, Michel H Devoret , and John M Martinis for their pioneering work on macroscopic quantum phenomena in superconducting circuits.
The trio demonstrated quantum mechanical tunnelling and energy quantisation in circuits large enough to hold in hand, bridging microscopic and macroscopic physics.
Their research lays the foundation for quantum computing and advanced superconducting technologies. Clarke’s work focused on superconductivity, Devoret combined theoretical and experimental techniques, and Martinis contributed foundational research on superconducting qubits.
Also read: Nobel Prize: How many Indians have won top honours? Here's the full list
Chemistry The 2025 Nobel Prize in Chemistry has been awarded to Susumu Kitagawa, Richard Robson, and Omar M Yaghi (UC Berkeley) for developing metal–organic frameworks (MOFs).
These porous crystalline materials are built from metal ions linked by organic molecules, forming structures that can store gases, catalyse reactions, and conduct electricity.
Robson began experimenting with MOFs in 1989, and Kitagawa and Yaghi later improved their stability and versatility. MOFs now offer chemists the ability to design custom materials for energy, storage, and industrial applications.
The remaining Nobel Prizes for 2025 will be announced later this week: Literature on 9 October, Peace on 10 October, and Economic Sciences on 13 October.
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