Can cancer spread without symptoms? 5 deadly cancers that develop silently

Some devastating cancer diagnoses come too late in the day. There are times when patients are left shocked and helpless by a late-stage cancer diagnosis, as they never saw it coming. There are a range of cancers that are considered asymptomatic in their early stages. Small, insignificant tumours often go unnoticed during self examination or certain imaging tests. The symptoms start to appear only when the cancerous tumour or mass grows large enough to start fiddling with nearby organs, tissues or nerves. In case of certain cancers like prostate cancer, the tumour growth is too slow to be detected early.

It is advised that one who has high risk factors for cancer like advanced age, family history, own medical history, must undergo regular screening of certain deadly cancers.

1. Ovarian cancer
It is one of the top silent killer for women because of its often vague and confused with symptoms of other diseases, it can be difficult to diagnose in early stages where it can be treated efficiently. Digestive issues, pelvic discomfort, or changes in appetite are some of the earlier symptoms that people may confuse with other health issues. One of the reasons why it silently spreads is due to its location.

A study published in Nature Communications reveals that the majority of genetic alterations found in high-grade serous ovarian carcinomas (HGSOC) may originate years earlier in the fallopian tubes instead of ovaries, which can make it difficult to detect.

2. Cervical cancer
Another asymptomatic cancer that people discover at an advanced stage is cervical cancer. While it is the fourth most common cancer in women, it's early symptoms aren't easily detectable. A longer or heavier menstrual bleeding, pelvic pain, or vaginal bleeding after menopause can be some of the changes one may notice. The symptoms usually appear when the disease has advanced.

In a classic example of cervical cancer being a silent killer, a case study published in the Journal of Cancer Research and Therapeutics details a rare case of stage IV cervical cancer that showed no typical signs like vaginal bleeding or discharge. The patient only had abdominal pain and frequent urination for five days.

Regular screening and HPV vaccination are key to catching it early and avoid deterioration.

3. Testicular cancer
The most common cancer affecting men in the age group of 15 to 35 could be extremely dangerous due to its sneaky nature. A painless lump may develop in tissues of one or both testicle or a swelling can be seen. Some men may feel heaviness, pain, or discomfort in the scrotum.

Testicular cancer symptoms are easy to miss and this can lead to its silent progression over years. Some testicular cancers can be aggressive too, and can affect young - late teens, or men in 20s or 30s. These are called non-seminoma tumors. Seminoma on the other hand are slow tumours that are seen in people in their 40s and 50s.

4. Kidney cancer

Often called a silent killer, kidney cancer can grow unnoticed for years because it rarely causes symptoms in its early stages. When signs do appear, such as blood in the urine, persistent back or side pain, or an unexplained lump, they are often mistaken for less serious issues. This delayed detection can lead to diagnosis at an advanced stage. Kidney cancer is more common in people over 50, but lifestyle factors like smoking, obesity, and high blood pressure can increase risk. Regular check-ups and imaging, especially for high-risk individuals, are key to catching it early.

5. Lung cancer

People with lung cancer may not have symptoms in the early stages because there are very few nerve endings in the lungs, and a tumor could grow without causing pain or discomfort, as per American Lung Association. In the case of lung cancer, even after the symptom onset, many people may receive diagnosis such as pneumonia, allergies or a cold. If a cough doesn't resolve on its own, there is persistent hoarseness in voice, unusual fatigue, unexplained weight loss, coughing up blood, or respiratory infections, it could indicate lung cancer.